Social Policy for Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics

Question: Explore Contemporary Social Policy Debate. Answer: Contemporary Social Policy Debate The childcare centers came to Australia during the Second World War, when the mothers went to the war, and their children are being taken care of, by these centers. It was there to provide support to the children of the poor and the destitute family (Logan, Sumsion Press, 2013). During the 1950s, the childcare centers were there in Australia for those families in Australia, who could not access either the community program or the government programs. The childcare centers, although, was not that popular during that time because, during that time the childcare centers actually was not in demand, since most of the mothers are not working (Katz, 2014). The Childcare Act of 1972, which came during the reign of McMahon government, allows the federal government in Australia to get involved in the childcare sector (Logan, Press Sumsion, 2016). The particular act provided provisions to the federal government so that funds can be provided to the non-profit organization, so that they could h elp in providing childcare services to the people. During the years of Hawke and Keating the childcare policy, went through a positive change. During these years or rather during the years of the reign of the Hawke government, the childcare policies or the act received much support. During these years, subsidies are introduced for those families who are using the childcare services. The subsidies allowed the families to pay the fees of the childcare services, whether they are seeking the help of the profitable service centre or from the non-profit service centre. The state level organizations and the government used to regulate the minimum standard of the childcare centre and when the Keating government came to power, they introduced the quality accreditation approved by the federal governments. The accreditation actually helped in supervising those minimum standards that are being used by the state level government for the regulation of the childcare centers (Logan, Press Sumsion, 2016). In the present day, there is the National Quality Framework and this particular framework helped in the regulation of the system (Sugiyama,, Okely, Masters Moore 2012). The childcare policy is a debate that has the children at the center and this particular policy, helps in focusing on the funding and the provision issues of the childcare center (Newberry Brennan, 2013). Today the employment of the women have increased, thus the demand for the childcare centers have also increased and this has bring into the front the quality issue, where, the health, education and the nutrition of the children had to be taken better care (Wolfenden, Jones, Finch, Wyse, Yoong, Steele Williams, 2015). Therefore, the regulations are tightened, with respect to the staff qualification and with respect to the staff-to-child ratio as well. The fact that the staff qualification is being given utmost importance is something that is often being criticized by the human services professionals. According to these professionals, the women who most of the time in the family day care centers, especially those women who used to work during the 90s, most of the time have the overseas certificate. After the recession the women had lost their jobs but the experience they had in handling the children is not be taken into granted and only on the basis of their degree, they are not being provided with the jobs. Thus, this is something that is being seen a wrongdoing of the bureaucrats, and thus most of the people, who are the human service professionals criticize this thing. Impact of Social Policy in One Client Group The most important client group of the childcare center is the parents and the policies regarding the childcare centers and its development has a great impact on this particular client group. The government policies until the Keating government were such that the parents did not have to think much about the funds and the fees of the childcare centers (Andrews, Neopanay, Yaddehige Jorgensen, 2014). The scenario changed after the recession and the new policies that are being introduced by the government are such that it has actually provided an extra burden on the parents because the costs of the childcare centers have increased. The parents find it difficult to raise their children and at the same time carry on with the work they are doing (Allen Cowdery, 2014). They could not actually balance both the things, which created a huge problem for them. The financial assistance that is being provided by the federal government of Australia is divided mainly into two parts and these are th e, Child Care Benefits and the Child Care Rebate. The Child Care Benefits is being referred to those subsidies that are being directly provided, either to the parents or to the childcare centers. It accounts for per hour subsidy that is being provided to the parents and the childcare centers and this particular cost is the tested cost, and this particular thing is very beneficial to those who are belonging to those families that are the part of the low-income group. On the other hand, there is another kind of financial assistance, which is being provided to the parents of the childcare centers, by the federal group. The subsidy that is being provided to the families increases when there is an increase in the Cost Price Index or the CPI. The particular financial assistance is provided with the help of the Child Care Rebate or the CCR. The CCR, unlike Child Care Benefit or CCB is not tested and therefore, the 50% rebate is being provided to the childcare centers out-of-the packet (Brennan, Cass, Himmelweit Szebehely, 2012). The parti cular payment has inflation when there is inflation on the actual price of the cost of the childcare. Therefore, it can be said that the particular cost will be a part of the growing share of the federal budget, along with the increase in the strong demand and at the same time with the increase in the steep childcare price. Therefore, in the recent years the Australian women had not only face increase in the price of the growing childcare facilities, provided by the centers but at the same time there has been a loss of the benefits that are being provided by the federal government of Australia. Thus, it creates a pressure for the women earner or the single mothers and they have to increase their working hours because along with all these women had to pay the tax as well. Thus, all these have created pressure on this particular group of client, and this policy has he following impact on the particular group of client. Involvement of the Human Service Professionals The childcare professionals are the most important human service professionals who are involved in the childcare industry and the childcare policies had an effect on them as well. The childcare professional plays an important role, in the childcare centers and thus can be one of the major drivers who could influence the policies that are being introduced by the federal government (Pietrantonio, Wright, Gibson, Alldred, Jacobson Niec 2013). The childcare policies that are there are the ever-changing policies and the childcare professionals should make sure that there are able to cope up with the changes that are brought in the centers. The changes can be positively accepted by the childcare professionals and at the same time, the childcare professionals should be able to cope up with those changes as well. The childcare professionals could react in a positive way to the changes that are there in the organizations, although there are times when the childcare professionals could act in a negative way and could affect or influence the childcare policies that are there. The childcare professional could act in a negative way about the policies of the state, because of several reasons and among them; one can be that the childcare professionals, become too cautious (Coyne, 2015). There can be policies regarding caring about the behavioral development of the child and the childcare professional can react to this in a negative w ay because, they may feel uncertain about the challenging behavior of the children in the day care or in the childcare center. In these cases there are chances of the childcare professionals becomes less confident about their role and they could also lose their confident, when they are interacting with the children in the childcare center (Essa, 2013). In many day cares or in the childcare center there are male professionals who are being hired to look after the children. The parents sometimes accept the particular things and there are times when the parents do not accept such kind of things. The childcare center on the other hand feels that the people should feel that the males are equally responsible to everyone and those who are good they could actually carry out all the work, even they could care for the child at the same time. The male and female workers or the professionals working in the childcare center could actually, help in building the trust that is there in the children regarding their families. Thus, this particular thing or rather the inclusion of the male professionals in the childcare centers could actually affect the policies related to the childcare centers. Moreover, if the women with experience turn out to be a good childcare professional then that could also have an effect on the policies that are being laid d own by the state. The state policies could then could come up with those things that could allow the women with experience but not that much of qualification to be a part of the childcare center. It would helpful specially for the outstation women or for those women who do not have the qualification degree of the country, rather they carry the degree of the other country and thus most of the times are not allowed to be a part of the childcare center. Utilization of the Policy Positively in Service Provision The human service professionals, who work for these centers, could utilize the policies that are for the development and the growth of the childcare centers that are there in a positive way. The positive utilization of the policy could result in: Children who belong to the financially backward family, getting better opportunities and thus they could easily go through the transition of the early childhood to the late childhood period (Fenech, 2013). Most of the time the children who belong to the financially backward family, do not have such an environment that will help them to get ready for the better transition and succeed effectively in the late childhood period. Thus, the policies effectively influence the growth and the development of the children and at the same time could help them to live a better life at the same time (Brennan Fenech, 2014). Thus, it is important that the policies related to the childcare centers are there, this is one of the positive effects of the policy, and the effect work of the childcare professionals could actually help in the positive utilization of this particular policy. Helping the students with disability to go through the transition period and the childcare center and the professional working there could help in that. The children with disability, is more demanding than the children those are not having any disabilities, The children with disabilities, are more stressful to handle than the children without, especially in an environment of transition (Crawford, Stafford, Phillips, Scott Tucker, 2014). Thus, the childcare professional could take care of this demand and stress effectively and the policies and the find structure of the state are such that children of different social background could be a part of it. Thus, in this way, there can be a positive utilization of the policies, laid by the state and the childcare professionals could help in achieving it without any problem or trouble. Development of those children, who belongs to various religious, ethnic and linguistic background, and the childcare professionals play an important part in it (Henderson, Grode, OConnell Schwartz, 2015). The childcare center consists of children of various backgrounds and the religious values along with the Western philosophy, which are being implied in these centers helps the children to remove all the caste and the racial barrier. The children later on in life could fight incidents like being bullied because of the skin color or because of their race (Lamb, Sternberg, Hwang Broberg, 2014). Most of the time the people of other linguistics are not proficient with the English language, the childcare centers help the students to overcome this shortcomings and childcare professionals are important driver in bringing this particular positive outcomes (Nielsen, Mushin, Tomaselli Whiten, 2016). Therefore, these are the following ways, which could help in positive utilization of the policies and the childcare professionals could help in achieving that without any problem. Critical Reflection I think that the childcare centers that are there in Australia are helpful for the working parents and the working parents as well as the single parents receive many benefits from these centers. The subsidy that is being provided by the government, and which is the part of the social policy related to the childcare centers, because these funding is there for the childcare centers, therefore, the centers have not only increased in numbers but it has been diversified at the same time. Today there is not only the childcare center but there is also the long day care center and at the same time, there is the Community based and the family day care centers. All the centers have really being helpful for the growth of these centers and along with the growth of these centers things have changed for the people living in the country. Unlike the nineteenth and the twentieth century, the demand for the childcare center is there in the country because the number of working women and the number of single mother has increased in the country. Thus, the demand has increased and with the increase in demand, there is both the profit, non-profit childcare centers. Along with these two kinds of center there is also the community based childcare center, all these centers helps in the growth and the development of the children and at the same time it has provided jobs to the unemployed youth at the same time (Tayler, Ishimine, Cloney, Cleveland Thorpe, 2013). The policies although, that are there gives less importance to the caring attitude of the people but more importance to the qualification or the degrees that are being hold by the people. I believe this particular thing is a hindrance for the policy, but at the same time, it is true that to interact with the children having challenging behavior at times the qualificatio n of the childcare professionals are required. Thus at times, the issue that whether an experienced or a qualified person would be employed as the childcare staff becomes a debatable issue. The debate could be easily resolved by recruiting such a person who is capable, of handling almost all kind of children in the childcare center. The recruitment of the male staff in the childcare center in my opinion is something to, which the policy makers should give a thought. The male childcare professionals actually could help in the overall growth of the child. Moreover, if the male and the female work in the same environment there will be a sense of trust among the children and this sense of trust would help them to grow through the transition; thus the parents should be open about this particular issue, for the welfare of their own child. References Allen, E., Cowdery, G. (2014). The exceptional child: Inclusion in early childhood education. Nelson Education. Andrews, L., Neopanay, B. P., Yaddehige, K., Jorgensen, J. (2014). Do child care subsidies increase the labour force participation of women in Australia?. Deakin Papers on International Business Economics, 7(1). Brennan, D., Fenech, M. (2014). Early education and care in Australia: Equity in a mixed marketbased system?. An Equal Start?: Providing Quality Early Education and Care for Disadvantaged Children, 171. Brennan, D., Cass, B., Himmelweit, S., Szebehely, M. (2012). The marketisation of care: Rationales and consequences in Nordic and liberal care regimes. Journal of European Social Policy, 22(4), 377-391. Coyne, I. (2015). Families and health care professionals' perspectives and expectations of family centred care: hidden expectations and unclear roles. Health Expectations, 18(5), 796-808. Crawford, S. K., Stafford, K. N., Phillips, S. M., Scott, K. J., Tucker, P. (2014). Strategies for Inclusion in Play among Children with Physical Disabilities in Childcare Centers: An Integrative Review. Physical occupational therapy in pediatrics, 34(4), 404-423. Essa, E. (2013). Introduction to early childhood education. Cengage Learning. Fenech, M. (2013). Quality early childhood education for my child or for all children?: Parents as activists for equitable, high-quality early childhood education in Australia. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 38(4), 92. Henderson, K. E., Grode, G. M., OConnell, M. L., Schwartz, M. B. (2015). Environmental factors associated with physical activity in childcare centers. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 43. Katz, I. (2014). Child Protection of Migrants in Australia. Child Welfare Systems and Migrant Children: A Cross Country Study of Policies and Practice, 220. Lamb, M. E., Sternberg, K. J., Hwang, C. P., Broberg, A. G. (2014). Child care in context: Cross-cultural perspectives. Psychology Press. Logan, H., Press, F., Sumsion, J. (2016). The shaping of Australian early childhood education and care: What can we learn from a critical juncture?. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 41(1), 64. Logan, H., Press, F., Sumsion, J. (2016). The shaping of Australian early childhood education and care: What can we learn from a critical juncture?. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 41(1), 64. Logan, H., Sumsion, J., Press, F. (2013). 'The Child Care Act 1972': A critical juncture in Australian ECEC and the emergence of'quality'. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 38(4), 84. Newberry, S., Brennan, D. (2013). The marketisation of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Australia: A structured response. Financial Accountability Management, 29(3), 227-245. Nielsen, M., Mushin, I., Tomaselli, K., Whiten, A. (2016). Imitation, Collaboration, and Their Interaction Among Western and Indigenous Australian Preschool Children. Child development, 87(3), 795-806. Pietrantonio, A. M., Wright, E., Gibson, K. N., Alldred, T., Jacobson, D., Niec, A. (2013). Mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect: Crafting a positive process for health professionals and caregivers. Child abuse neglect, 37(2), 102-109. Sugiyama, T., Okely, A. D., Masters, J. M., Moore, G. T. (2012). Attributes of child care centers and outdoor play areas associated with preschoolers physical activity and sedentary behavior. Environment and Behavior, 44(3), 334-349. Tayler, C., Ishimine, K., Cloney, D., Cleveland, G., Thorpe, K. (2013). The quality of early childhood education and care services in Australia. Wolfenden, L., Jones, J., Finch, M., Wyse, R. J., Yoong, S. L., Steele, E. J., ... Williams, C. M. (2015). Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services. The Cochrane Library.

Richard Williams, III Essays (574 words) - Americas,

Richard Williams, III Fitz-Gerald 10.17.2016 Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was a transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Old and New Worlds. This took place between the 15th and 16th centuries, caused after the colonization of America after the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. During the trade, well-known crops and cash crops were interchanges. Some of the crops were potatoes, which were originally from South America but became a dependent food source in Ireland, as an important part of a stable diet. Tomatoes, which derived from the Americas became a prized plant in Italy for their sauces and ornamental values. Also among the plants traded were oranges, bananas, Paprika, Coffee Beans, Pineapples, Rubber Trees, Chili Peppers and Chocolate. Livestock was another major trade in the Columbian Exchange. Europe brought horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, dogs, cat, and bees to the Americas. These new animals changed the way the Native American tribes and the Colonial Civilizations lived, hunted, and traveled. The worst part of the Columbian Exchange has to be the transmission of diseases from the Old World to the New World and vice versa. The Europeans coming to the Americas brought smallpox. Smallpox was one of the worst epidemics the world has ever faced with an estimated 300 Million People killed in the 20th century alone. This virus kills of the people infected with it and has been around for thousands of years in the Old World but the native americans and local people of the New World were not accustomed to the disease and suffered greatly. An American disease that affected Europeans was Malaria. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes and other parasitics or "dependent" organisms with need to feed off or live in another organism. This disease however, was not as devastating as smallpox due to the New World Discovery of Quinine, which was the earliest form of treatment. Yellow Fever was brought to the Americas during the Atlantic Slave Trade and many of the Native Americans and Afr ican descendants have built immunizations but the arriving Europeans coming from the Old World have never experienced this disease to this magnitude. The unintentional introductions into the Americas were almost as plentiful as the intentional introductions. Plants that arrived by land, sea, or air in the times before 1492 are called archaeophytes , and plants introduced to Europe after those times are called neophytes . In addition to the diseases mentioned above, many species of organisms were introduced to new habitats on the other side of the world accidentally or incidentally. These include such animals as brown rats , earthworms (apparently absent from parts of the pre-Columbian New World), and zebra mussels , which arrived on ships. Invasive species of plants and pathogens also were introduced by chance, including such weeds as tumbleweeds ( Salsola spp.) and wild oats ( Avena fatua ). Some plants introduced intentionally, such as the kudzu vine introduced in 1894 from Japan to the United States to help control soil erosion , have since been found to be invasi ve pests in the new environment. Fungi have been transported, such as the one responsible for Dutch elm disease , killing American elms in North American forests and cities, where many had been planted as street trees. Some of the invasive species have become serious ecosystem and economic problems after establishing in the New World environments. Richard Williams, III Essays (574 words) - Americas, Richard Williams, III Fitz-Gerald 10.17.2016 Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange was a transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Old and New Worlds. This took place between the 15th and 16th centuries, caused after the colonization of America after the voyage of Christopher Columbus in 1492. During the trade, well-known crops and cash crops were interchanges. Some of the crops were potatoes, which were originally from South America but became a dependent food source in Ireland, as an important part of a stable diet. Tomatoes, which derived from the Americas became a prized plant in Italy for their sauces and ornamental values. Also among the plants traded were oranges, bananas, Paprika, Coffee Beans, Pineapples, Rubber Trees, Chili Peppers and Chocolate. Livestock was another major trade in the Columbian Exchange. Europe brought horses, donkeys, mules, pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, dogs, cat, and bees to the Americas. These new animals changed the way the Native American tribes and the Colonial Civilizations lived, hunted, and traveled. The worst part of the Columbian Exchange has to be the transmission of diseases from the Old World to the New World and vice versa. The Europeans coming to the Americas brought smallpox. Smallpox was one of the worst epidemics the world has ever faced with an estimated 300 Million People killed in the 20th century alone. This virus kills of the people infected with it and has been around for thousands of years in the Old World but the native americans and local people of the New World were not accustomed to the disease and suffered greatly. An American disease that affected Europeans was Malaria. Malaria is transmitted by mosquitoes and other parasitics or "dependent" organisms with need to feed off or live in another organism. This disease however, was not as devastating as smallpox due to the New World Discovery of Quinine, which was the earliest form of treatment. Yellow Fever was brought to the Americas during the Atlantic Slave Trade and many of the Native Americans and Afr ican descendants have built immunizations but the arriving Europeans coming from the Old World have never experienced this disease to this magnitude. The unintentional introductions into the Americas were almost as plentiful as the intentional introductions. Plants that arrived by land, sea, or air in the times before 1492 are called archaeophytes , and plants introduced to Europe after those times are called neophytes . In addition to the diseases mentioned above, many species of organisms were introduced to new habitats on the other side of the world accidentally or incidentally. These include such animals as brown rats , earthworms (apparently absent from parts of the pre-Columbian New World), and zebra mussels , which arrived on ships. Invasive species of plants and pathogens also were introduced by chance, including such weeds as tumbleweeds ( Salsola spp.) and wild oats ( Avena fatua ). Some plants introduced intentionally, such as the kudzu vine introduced in 1894 from Japan to the United States to help control soil erosion , have since been found to be invasi ve pests in the new environment. Fungi have been transported, such as the one responsible for Dutch elm disease , killing American elms in North American forests and cities, where many had been planted as street trees. Some of the invasive species have become serious ecosystem and economic problems after establishing in the New World environments.

Allelic Drift - Definition

Genetic Drift / Allelic Drift - Definition Definition: Genetic drift is defined as the changing of the number of available alleles in a population by chance events. Also called allelic drift, this phenomenon is usually due to a very small gene pool or population size. Unlike natural selection, it is a random, chance event that causes genetic drift and it depends solely on statistical chance instead of desirable traits being passed down to offspring. Unless the population size increases through more immigration, the number of available alleles gets smaller with every generation. Genetic drift happens by chance and can make an allele disappear completely from a gene pool, even if it was a desirable trait that should have been passed down to offspring. The random sampling style of genetic drift shrinks the gene pool and therefore alters the frequency the alleles are found in the population. Some alleles are completely lost within a generation due to genetic drift. This random change in the gene pool can affect the speed of evolution of a species. Instead of taking several generations to see a change in allele frequency, genetic drift can cause the same affect within a single generation or two. The smaller the population size, the greater the chance of genetic drift occurring. Larger populations tend to function through natural selection much more than genetic drift due to the sheer number of alleles that are available for natural selection to work on as compared to smaller populations. The Hardy-Weinberg equation cannot be used on small populations where genetic drift is the main contributor to diversity of alleles. Bottleneck Effect One specific cause of genetic drift is the bottleneck effect, or population bottleneck. The bottleneck effect occurs when a larger population shrinks significantly in size in a short amount of time. Usually, this decrease in population size is generally due to a random environmental affect like a natural disaster or spread of disease. This rapid loss of alleles makes the gene pool much smaller and some alleles are completely eliminated from the population. Out of necessity, populations that have experienced population bottleneck increase the instances of inbreeding to build the numbers back up to an acceptable level. However, inbreeding does not increase diversity or numbers of possible alleles and instead just increases the numbers of the same types of alleles. Inbreeding can also increase the chances of random mutations within DNA. While this may increase the number of alleles available to be passed down to offspring, many times these mutations express undesirable traits such as disease or reduced mental capacity. Founders Effect Another cause of genetic drift is called founders effect. The root cause of founders effect is also due to an unusually small population. However, instead of a chance environmental effect reducing the numbers of available breeding individuals, the founders effect is seen in populations who have chosen to stay small and do not allow breeding outside of that population. Often, these populations are specific religious sects or offshoots of a particular religion. The mate choice is significantly reduced and is mandated to be someone within the same population. Without immigration or gene flow, the number of alleles is limited to only that population and often the undesirable traits become the most frequently passed down alleles. Â   Examples: An example of founders effect happened in a certain population of Amish people in Pennsylvania. Since two of the founding members were carriers for Ellis van Creveld Syndrome, the disease was seen much more often in that colony of Amish people than the general population of the United States. After several generations of isolation and inbreeding within the Amish colony, the majority of the population became either carriers or suffered from Ellis van Creveld Syndrome.

Sculptures in Kuwait and Great Britain Comparison

Sculptures in Kuwait and Great Britain Comparison It goes without saying that art is the powerful force that makes the world a beautiful place and at the same time allows the artist to show the rest of the people their true colors; taking the veil off the everyday mysteries, art pins down the tiniest imperfections of life and yet portrays it as something unique and delightful.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Sculptures in Kuwait and Great Britain Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most unusual kinds of art, the one that allows to represent the elements of the world in their usual three-dimensional form, sculpture is the least emphasized at present, which makes it quite a peculiar target for a research. Comparing the specifics of the Kuwait and British sculpture, one can possibly see the specifics of the Kuwaiti and the British culture, the key differences and the unexpected similarities, and learn about the trends in both the British and the K uwaiti sculpture. Speaking of the aim of the research, one must mention that the paper will describe the key differences and the similarities between the current Kuwaiti and British sculpture. Being the key purpose of the given paper, the search for the specifics of each sculpture art development will lead to the further analysis and the work on the conclusion. Thus, the links between the British and the Kuwaiti culture are likely to be discovered. In addition, the prospects for the further development of the Kuwaiti and British sculpture are likely to be made. Moreover, it is necessary to mention that the given aim presupposes reaching a number of various objectives. For instance, the research will focus on the development of the Kuwaiti sculpture and the key people who contributed to the latter most; the same issues are going to be researched in the field of the British sculpture. However, since Britain includes English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish art, the British sculpture develop ment will be mentioned briefly, with the key facts about each of the cultures.Advertising Looking for proposal on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paper is going to be split into three major parts, i.e., the research on the British sculpture, the research on the Kuwaiti sculpture and the following analysis of the two. However, since there are possibly several major stages in the establishment of the British and the Kuwaiti sculpture, the first two parts will possibly be split into several parts according to the sculpture development stages. Speaking of the way in which the analysis is going to be conducted, the following aspects are going to be compared: the time period at which the art of sculpture appeared; the key cultures and/or factors which contributed to the stylistic choices; the most famous sculptors; the outside influence; the modern sculpture and the current tendencies. Therefore, it c an be suggested that the given paper will be targeted at several objectives that will contribute to a single goal of learning about the sculpture of the two countries. There have been quite a number of researches on the British culture, yet there are quite few papers on the topic of the Kuwaiti culture and especially sculpture. Hence, it can be considered that the given field needs additional researches. In addition, even though there have been some papers devoted to the issue of the Kuwaiti culture, and some even touched upon the issue of sculpture, there are still not enough researches made on the differences and similarities between the development of sculpture in the two states. Thus, the research background is rather scanty, yet one can possibly learn quite much about the issue in the process. As for the significance of the given paper, one can possibly assume that the given research will have some weight. Mainly due to the fact that there has been very little done in exploring the sculpture of Kuwait, one can assume that the paper will provide a lot of colorful new details about the issue. In addition, since there has never been a comparison made between the British and the Kuwaiti sculpture, one can suppose that the given paper is going to shed some light on a relatively unknown subject and provide unique facts, as well as deliver specific and unexpected results. Hence, the significance of the paper is going to be sufficient enough to prove its right to exist.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Sculptures in Kuwait and Great Britain Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In terms of the paper methodology, it is necessary to mention that the research is going to be conducted on the basis of the data collected from books and reports. As it has already been mentioned, the research is going to touch upon various epochs in the development of sculpture in both countries, which means that not only the recent reports on the sculpture exhibitions or festivals and the modern sculptors with their most famous works are going to be analyzed, but also the books on the historical development of sculpture in the specified countries are going to be considered. The next issue to discuss will be the sources. As it has already been explained, the sources for the paper are going to be very diverse, mostly because of the specifics of the issue. In addition, it will presumably be quite difficult to pick the necessary information, since the art of sculpture was underdeveloped in Kuwait until the mid-90ies of the XX century. To start with, the story of the Kuwaiti sculpture is going to be researched. In DiPiazza’s work (2006), several artistic traditions are going to be researched, such as the annual Festival of arts. Moreover, the reasons for the underdevelopment of the sculpture genre in Kuwait are going to be explained in details. Another peculiar work which deserves taking a closer look at is the book by O’Shea Spilling (2009); the latter will shed some light on when the actual development of the Kuwaiti sculpture began (according to the authors, it was exactly 1963 (O’Shea Spilling, 2009, 108)). Finally, USA International Business Publications (2007) will tell about the places in Kuwait where notable sculptures are, such as Free Studio for Fine Arts (USA International Business Publications, 2007, 257), etc. Further on, when dealing with the emergence and the further progress of sculpture in Great Britain, the book by Westmacott (1824) will be of great importance. Allowing to track the history of British sculpture till the day it emerged as a phenomenon, Westmacott offers more than enough information for the given research. Unlike Westmacott, Greengrass Huges (2008) offer the specifics of the English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish sculpture instead of digging deep into the history of the British sculpture in general.Advertising Looking for proposal on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Allowing to access the most significant elements of the British sculpture, the given book, nonetheless, makes it obvious that British art embraces several cultures, which is the key difference between the British and the Kuwaiti sculpture. Meanwhile, Hill (2011) allows to check the greatest sculptors of the XXI century Britain, making the readers plunge into the present-day British sculpture. However, Eigner (2010) shows that there are a number of modern Kuwaiti sculptors worth mentioning; listing the key people who have had essential impact on the XXI century Kuwaiti sculpture, the author stresses the fact that sculpture is only developing in Kuwait. With the help of Ammari’s (2009) article, one can learn even more about the modern Kuwaiti sculptures, which Wintle (2002) lists the key British sculptors of the XXI century. Brought together, the above-mentioned sources allow to track the history of British and Kuwaiti art of sculpture. For the paper, the following work plan is going to be adopted. First of all, the sources on the topic are going to be collected based on their relevance to the issue. Further on, the sources are going to be analyzed and split into several categories, i.e., the sources which deal with the Kuwaiti sculpture and sculptures at the time when sculpture appeared in Kuwait, the sources which deal with the same issue of appearing and further development of sculpture in Great Britain, and the sources which concern the present-day sculpture in each of the countries in question. Further on, the outline for the paper is going to be developed. Finally, I will provide a rough draft for the paper and start writing the research. In the end, the final conclusions will be drawn and the prognoses for the Kuwaiti and British sculpture will be drawn. References Ammari, S S, 2009, Kuwaiti sculptor’s work is new addition to downtown Burj Dubai. Web. DiPiazza, F D, 2006, Kuwait in pictures, Twenty-First Century Books, Minneapolis, MN. Eigne r, S, 2010, Art of the Middle East: modern and contemporary art of the Arab  world and Iran, Merrel, London. Greengrass, M Huges, L M, 2008, The virtual representation of the past, Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, UK. Hill, J, 2011, The sculpture of Gertrude Hermes, Ashgate Publishing, Farnham, UK. O’Shea, M Spilling, M 2009, Kuwait, Marshall Cavendish, Singapore. USA International Business Publications, 2007, Kuwait investment and business guide, International Business Publication, Washington, DC. Westmacott, C M, 1824, British galleries of painting and sculpture, comprising a  general historical and critical catalogue, with separate notices of every work of fine art in the principal collections, Sherwood, London, UK. Wintle, J, 2002, Makers of modern culture, Routledge, New York, NY.

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